Os oceanos 'retardaram' o processo evolutivo dos mais antigos e primitivos animais

segunda-feira, junho 21, 2010

Nature Geoscience
Published online: 20 June 2010 | doi:10.1038/ngeo889

Spatial variability in oceanic redox structure 1.8 billion years ago

Simon W. Poulton1, Philip W. Fralick2 & Donald E. Canfield3

The evolution of ocean chemistry during the Proterozoic eon (2.5–0.542 billion years ago) is thought to have played a central role in both the timing and rate of eukaryote evolution1, 2. The timing of the deposition of iron formations implies that, early in the Earth’s history, oceans were predominantly anoxic and rich in dissolved iron3. However, global deposition of iron formations ceased about 1.84 billion years ago. This termination indicates a major upheaval in ocean chemistry4, but the precise nature of this change remains debated5, 6,7, 8. Here we use iron and sulphur systematics to reconstruct oceanic redox conditions from the 1.88- to 1.83-billion-year-old Animikie group from the Superior region, North America. We find that surface waters were oxygenated, whereas at mid-depths, anoxic and sulphidic (euxinic) conditions extended over 100 km from the palaeoshoreline. The spatial extent of euxinia varied through time, but deep ocean waters remained rich in dissolved iron. Widespread euxinia along continental margins would have removed dissolved iron from the water column through the precipitation of pyrite, which would have reduced the supply of dissolved iron and resulted in the global cessation of the deposition of ‘Superior-type’ iron formations. We suggest that incursions of sulphide from the mid-depths into overlying oxygenated surface waters may have placed severe constraints on eukaryotic evolution.

School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Drummond Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK

Department of Geology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
Nordic Center for Earth Evolution (NordCEE) and Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark

Correspondence to: Simon W. Poulton1 e-mail: s.w.poulton@ncl.ac.uk

+++++


+++++

Dawn of animals by Simon Poulton [Free PDF Gratuito] 

+++++

NOTA CAUSTICANTE DESTE BLOGGER:

Esta pesquisa demonstra que a explosão Cambriana detona de vez com o gradualismo da teoria da evolução através da seleção natural. Darwin disse que isso era fatal para sua teoria.

QED: Darwin estava e está completamente errado na sua teoria, e não colocar as implicações funestas disso para a teoria em um contexto de justificação teórica nos livros didáticos de Biologia do ensino médio aprovados pelo MEC/SEMTEC/PNLEM se configura em flagrante estelionato intelectual: 171 epistêmica.

Cadeia nesses autores e pareceristas malandros! Bota malandragem nisso, pois a douta comissão do MEC/SEMTEC/PNLEM sabe dessas implicações: elas indicam uma profunda fragilidade epistêmica sobre o fato, Fato, FATO da evolução.

+++++