Neste dia 12 de fevereiro, este blogger não deixou de celebrar o Dia de Darwin, e sendo muito mais darwinista do que muitos darwinistas, celebrei este dia sob a ótica do próprio Darwin:
“Falsos fatos são altamente prejudiciais para o progresso da ciência, pois frequentemente eles duram muito tempo; mas as falsas opiniões, se apoiadas por alguma evidência, causam pouco dano, pois todo mundo toma um prazer salutar em provar a sua falsidade; e quando isso feito, um caminho para o erro é fechado e a estrada para a verdade, frequentemente, é aberta ao mesmo tempo.”
“False facts are highly injurious to the progress of science, for they often endure long; but false views, if supported by some evidence, do little harm, for everyone takes a salutary pleasure in proving their falseness; and when this is done, one path towards error is closed and the road to truth is often at the same time opened.” Darwin in Descent of Man (1871, p. 385)
Não teria sido esta realmente a maior ideia que toda a humanidade já teve???
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FALSO FATO 4:
Mosaic retroposon insertion patterns in placental mammals
-Author Affiliations
1 Institute of Experimental Pathology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
2 Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
↵3 These authors contributed equally to this work.
Abstract
One and a half centuries after Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace outlined our current understanding of evolution, a new scientific era is dawning that enables direct observations of genetic variation. However, pure sequence-based molecular attempts to resolve the basal origin of placental mammals have so far resulted only in apparently conflicting hypotheses. By contrast, in the mammalian genomes where they were highly active, the insertion of retroelements and their comparative insertion patterns constitute a neutral, virtually homoplasy-free archive of evolutionary histories. The “presence” of a retroelement at an orthologous genomic position in two species indicates their common ancestry in contrast to its “absence” in more distant species. To resolve the placental origin controversy we extracted ∼2 million potentially phylogenetically informative, retroposon-containing loci from representatives of the major placental mammalian lineages and found highly significant evidence challenging all current single hypotheses of their basal origin. The Exafroplacentalia hypothesis (Afrotheria as the sister group to all remaining placentals) is significantly supported by five retroposon insertions, the Epitheria hypothesis (Xenarthra as the sister group to all remaining placentals) by nine insertion patterns, and the Atlantogenata hypothesis (a monophyletic clade comprising Xenarthra and Afrotheria as the sister group to Boreotheria comprising all remaining placentals) by eight insertion patterns. These findings provide significant support for a “soft” polytomy of the major mammalian clades. Ancestral successive hybridization events and/or incomplete lineage sorting associated with short speciation intervals are viable explanations for the mosaic retroposon insertion patterns of recent placental mammals and for the futile search for a clear root dichotomy.
Footnotes
↵4 Present address: LWL-Museum für Naturkunde, 48161 Münster, Germany.
↵5 Corresponding authors.
E-mail jueschm@uni-muenster.de; fax 49-251-8352134.
E-mail churakov@uni-muenster.de; fax 49-251-8352134.
[Supplemental material is available online at www.genome.org.]
Article is online at http://www.genome.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gr.090647.108.
Received December 19, 2008.
Accepted March 3, 2009.
Copyright © 2009 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
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NOTA CAUSTICANTE DESTE BLOGGER:
A literatura científica tem uma montanha de pesquisas e artigos em que os falsos fatos darwinianos são expostos questionando aspectos fundamentais da teoria geral da evolução através da seleção natural. Nesses quatro exemplos de falsos fatos, a hipótese da Árvore da Vida de Darwin é desafiada e mostrada falsa pelas evidências.
Fui, nem sei por que, pensando, qual foi mesmo a maior ideia que toda a humanidade já teve???
